Journal: Virology

Article Title: Glutamine antagonist-mediated immune suppression decreases pathology but delays virus clearance in mice during nonfatal alphavirus encephalomyelitis

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of DON treatment on brain expression of markers of glutamate excitotoxicity 7 days after SINV infection. (A-C) Representative photomicrographs of the CA1 region of hippocampus sections stained for GFAP ( A ), GLT1 ( B ), and IBA1 ( C ) of mock-infected or SINV-infected mice receiving no treatment, low (0.3 mg/kg) dose DON, or high (0.6 mg/kg) dose DON at 7 DPI (n =3 mice per group; brown staining = positive antigen; 200X magnification; scale bar=100 µm). ( D-I ) GFAP ( D ), GLT1 ( E ), and IBA1 ( F ) expression was examined by immunoblot in whole brains of mock-infected or SINV-infected mice receiving no treatment, low (0.3 mg/kg) dose DON, or high (0.6 mg/kg) dose DON at 7 DPI. Relative whole brain expression of ACTB-normalized GFAP ( G ), GLT1 ( H ), and IBA1 ( I ) was quantified and compared to mock-infected control brains (n =4 mice per group combined from 2 independent experiments; data presented as the mean ±SEM; * p <0.05, ** p< 0.01, *** p< 0.001, by Tukey's multiple comparisons test).

Article Snippet: Membranes were then exposed either in a darkroom with Amersham Hyperfilm ECLHigher performance chemiluminescence film (GFAP, IBA1, and associated ACTB), or using a Bio-Rad Universal Hood II and ChemiDoc XRS imaging camera (GLT1 and associated ACTB).

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Staining, Western Blot